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dc.contributor.authorForouzanfar, Mohammad H
dc.contributor.authorAfshin, Ashkan
dc.contributor.authorAlexander, Lily T
dc.contributor.authorBhutta, Zulfiqar A
dc.contributor.authorBiryukov, Stan
dc.contributor.authorBrauer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorBurnett, Richard
dc.contributor.authorCercy, Kelly
dc.contributor.authorCharlson, Fiona J
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Aaron J
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Lalit
dc.contributor.authorEstep, Kara
dc.contributor.authorFerrari, Alize J
dc.contributor.authorFrostad, Joseph J
dc.contributor.authorFullman, Nancy
dc.contributor.authorGething, Peter W
dc.contributor.authorGodwin, William W
dc.contributor.authorGriswold, Max
dc.contributor.authorHay, Simon I
dc.contributor.authorKinfu, Yohannes
dc.contributor.authorKyu, Hmwe H
dc.contributor.authorLarson, Heidi J
dc.contributor.authorLiang, Xiaofeng
dc.contributor.authorLim, Stephen S
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Patrick Y
dc.contributor.authorLopez, Alan D
dc.contributor.authorLozano, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorMarczak, Laurie
dc.contributor.authorMensah, George A
dc.contributor.authorMokdad, Ali H
dc.contributor.authorMoradi-Lakeh, Maziar
dc.contributor.authorNaghavi, Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorNeal, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorReitsma, Marissa B
dc.contributor.authorRoth, Gregory A
dc.contributor.authorSalomon, Joshua A
dc.contributor.authorSur, Patrick J
dc.contributor.authorVos, Theo
dc.contributor.authorWagner, Joseph A
dc.contributor.authorWang, Haidong
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Yi
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Maigeng
dc.contributor.authorAasvang, Gunn Marit
dc.contributor.authorAbajobir, Amanuel Alemu
dc.contributor.authorAbate, Kalkidan Hassen
dc.contributor.authorAbbafati, Cristiana
dc.contributor.authorAbbas, Kaja M
dc.contributor.authorAbd-Allah, Foad
dc.contributor.authorAbdulle, Abdishakur M
dc.contributor.authorAbera, Semaw Ferede
dc.contributor.authorAbraham, Biju
dc.contributor.authorAbu-Raddad, Laith J
dc.contributor.authorAbyu, Gebre Yitayih
dc.contributor.authorAdebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi
dc.contributor.authorAdedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
dc.contributor.authorAdemi, Zanfina
dc.contributor.authorAdou, Arsène Kouablan
dc.contributor.authorAdsuar, José C
dc.contributor.authorAgardh, Emilie Elisabet
dc.contributor.authorAgarwal, Arnav
dc.contributor.authorAgrawal, Anurag
dc.contributor.authorKiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorAjala, Oluremi N
dc.contributor.authorAkinyemiju, Tomi F
dc.contributor.authorAl-Aly, Ziyad
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Khurshid
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Noore KM
dc.contributor.authorAldhahri, Saleh Fahed
dc.contributor.authorAldridge, Robert William
dc.contributor.authorAlemu, Zewdie Aderaw
dc.contributor.authorAli, Raghib
dc.contributor.authorAlkerwi, Ala'a
dc.contributor.authorAlla, François
dc.contributor.authorAllebeck, Peter
dc.contributor.authorAlsharif, Ubai
dc.contributor.authorAltirkawi, Khalid A
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez Martin, Elena
dc.contributor.authorAlvis-Guzman, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorAmare, Azmeraw T
dc.contributor.authorAmberbir, Alemayehu
dc.contributor.authorAmegah, Adeladza Kofi
dc.contributor.authorAmini, Heresh
dc.contributor.authorAmmar, Walid
dc.contributor.authorAmrock, Stephen Marc
dc.contributor.authorAndersen, Hjalte H
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Benjamin O
dc.contributor.authorT Antonio, Carl Abelardo
dc.contributor.authorAnwari, Palwasha
dc.contributor.authorÄrnlöv, Johan
dc.contributor.authorArtaman, Al
dc.contributor.authorAsayesh, Hamid
dc.contributor.authorAsghar, Rana Jawad
dc.contributor.authorAssadi, Reza
dc.contributor.authorAtique, Suleman
dc.contributor.authorArthur Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G
dc.contributor.authorAwasthi, Ashish
dc.contributor.authorAyala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
dc.contributor.authorAzzopardi, Peter
dc.contributor.authorBacha, Umar
dc.contributor.authorBadawi, Alaa
dc.contributor.authorBahit, Maria C
dc.contributor.authorBalakrishnan, Kalpana
dc.contributor.authorBarac, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.authorBarber, Ryan M
dc.contributor.authorBarker-Collo, Suzanne L
dc.contributor.authorBärnighausen, Till
dc.contributor.authorBarquera, Simon
dc.contributor.authorBarregard, Lars
dc.contributor.authorBarrero, Lope H
dc.contributor.authorBasu, Sanjay
dc.contributor.authorBatis, Carolina
dc.contributor.authorBazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
dc.contributor.authorBeardsley, Justin
dc.contributor.authorBedi, Neeraj
dc.contributor.authorBeghi, Ettore
dc.contributor.authorBell, Brent
dc.contributor.authorBell, Michelle L
dc.contributor.authorBello, Aminu K
dc.contributor.authorBennett, Derrick A
dc.contributor.authorBensenor, Isabela M
dc.contributor.authorBerhane, Adugnaw
dc.contributor.authorBernabé, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorBetsu, Balem Demtsu
dc.contributor.authorBeyene, Addisu Shunu
dc.contributor.authorBhala, Neeraj
dc.contributor.authorBhansali, Anil
dc.contributor.authorBhatt, Samir
dc.contributor.authorBiadgilign, Sibhatu
dc.contributor.authorBikbov, Boris
dc.contributor.authorBisanzio, Donal
dc.contributor.authorBjertness, Espen
dc.contributor.authorBlore, Jed D
dc.contributor.authorBorschmann, Rohan
dc.contributor.authorBoufous, Soufiane
dc.contributor.authorBourne, Rupert RA
dc.contributor.authorBrainin, Michael
dc.contributor.authorBrazinova, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorBreitborde, Nicholas JK
dc.contributor.authorBrenner, Hermann
dc.contributor.authorBroday, David M
dc.contributor.authorBrugha, Traolach S
dc.contributor.authorBrunekreef, Bert
dc.contributor.authorButt, Zahid A
dc.contributor.authorCahill, Leah
dc.contributor.authorCalabria, Bianca
dc.contributor.authorCampos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorCárdenas, Rosario
dc.contributor.authorCarpenter, David O
dc.contributor.authorCarrero, Juan Jesus
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-11T00:08:01Z
dc.date.available2020-07-11T00:08:01Z
dc.date.issued2016-10-08
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio-indicasat.org.pa/handle/123456789/203
dc.descriptionBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defi ned criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specifi c DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI).en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defi ned criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specifi c DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI).en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectcomparative risk assessmenten_US
dc.subject79 behaviouralen_US
dc.subjectDALYsen_US
dc.titleGlobal, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015en_US
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleen_US
dc.typeinfo:edu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion


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